Educational Policies of Nigeria and South Korea Essay Example for Free

tuitional Policies of Nigeria and South Korea EssayEducation has been the corner stone of the success of every economy. In terms of those countries which have been annex and have adopted a brass that was highly repressive in nature, one could significantly argue that such would post an effect to how instruction was be delivered, the degree of excellence of the aforementioned, the demands of the market and the availability of jobs, and finally its effects to the economy.This paper focuses on the educational history and policies of Nigeria and South Korea in relation to the British military government of the Nigerians and the Japanese occupation and the American military government of the South Koreans. These policies and norms are then significantly related to their employment governances and its effect on their economy.The objectives of this look for are the following 1. To establish a brief account of the educational policies and norms of Nigeria and South Korean and si gnificantly constitute its relationship to the military government. 2. To significantly identify the effects of the educational policies and norms in relation to the availability of jobs to the citizens and consequently the continuous demands of the market for such jobs and finally 3. To know the effects of educational excellence, jobs availability and demands to the sustainable development of an economy. Review of Related Literature Education and Military Government in Nigeria One of the major constitutional changes that happened to the government of Nigeria was in 1953, a fewer days afterwards the World War II.Such a change took effect through the London Conference att blockadeed by both Nigerian and compound officials which places the country under the rule of a Governor General, having the aforementioned the leader of the three principle regions of the country. Such a change of the name of positions was a way for the British regime to increase the autonomous powers of the co untry thereby making education vested at the local level, which is in accordance with the aim of unify the region (Patterson, 1955, p. 94).Education, other than representation and taxation was one of the autonomous areas of governance that is designated to the central government. As such it is with this respect that the government had ordered that the youth of Nigeria disregardless of any region should be given sound and uniform standards of performance (p. 95). The objective of this educational policy is to have the youth fully prepared on their primary and secondary education so as to enable them to take higher education both inside and outside of the country.Within the new constitution, 34 subjects or areas of concern were given to the federal government to oversee. In addition with this, 14 subject areas were too created and delegated to the federal government to be administered to individual regions. Consequently, it has alike been perceived that the successful implementati on of these subjects could only happen if the individuals administering these areas were competent enough, hence resulting to the very high standards were implemented by the government in terms of employee enlisting (p. 5). Such a drive for the development of skills for the Nigerian youth resulted to the perceived shortness in terms of trained higher-ranking administrators and other technicians for various government and technical posts for the country. The federal government perceived that the shortage could only be remedied through higher education and long experience of the youth.At the end of 1953, it has been perceived that 5,000 senior service positions were available in which 3,300 of them were taken by overseas personnels or the expatriates. Only 800 positions are given to Nigerians, and there were still 900 positions more that were indolent (World Bank, 1955, p. 23). The drive of the British Government to improve the education in Nigeria resulted to the establishment of a program for development for African Territories under the British Cr suffer.The program which was called the Colonial Development and Welfare Schemes was inaugurated in 1945 in which required the British Government to contribute 23,000,000 pounds sterling for ten years that would enable the country to develop and other loan of 26-500,000 pounds sterling that would be used to fund a number of projects including education and other research facilities (Patterson, 1955, p. 97).The result of such an effort on the end of the British Government paved the way for a consuming ambition among young Nigerians to be associated with the Government and take a number of white nail jobs (p. 8). Technical Education in Nigeria Technical education is placed as one of the major projects of the Ten-Year Plan for Development and Welfare for the post-war Nigeria. Institutions that would cater to technical skills, trade, and handi crafts were created after the Second World War. For instance, the Techni cal Institute of Yaba, the first center that was created outside Lagos offered three full-time and two part-time programs and special short courses.These skills were those relating to junior and senior technical and also teacher training. For a four-year education, the country had been offering instructions in wood working, drafting, sub-professional engineering, commerce and printing to those students who have completed eight years of primary education and have already passed a special entrance examination. The senior technical course offered by the institute focused on courses in electrical, mathematical and civil engineering, architectural assistance and economics.Consequently, there were also teacher-training programs which offer a two-year course to prepare teachers for handicraft centers and secondary school craft courses (World Bank, 1955, p. 582-583). On the other hand, the Trade Centers at Yaba aimed to produce skilled craftsmen by offering courses which range from two to atomic number 23 years. The students primarily learned on an apprenticeship foothold after which they have already familiarized themselves with the tools of the trade and have learned to do simple tasks consequently academic instructions were given to the students averages one day every week.After the students have already gained the skills that are necessary, they were contacted by the trade center to go to large cities in order to work. Part of the educational system was also the refusal to accept new students until a new class graduates. As such, the intake and output for some courses happened only once in every five years. For the first five years of the operation of the Yaba Centre, there were only 85 students who had graduated while 18 were dismissed and 13 of them resigned (p. 84).The Weakness of the Nigerian Education One major weaknesses of the Nigerian education was the inclination to have all areas of the Government to have properly staffed and well-trained individuals a s such resulting in having schools to have its own standards and specializations and independence from other educational efforts. Such an act resulted at times to the replication of jobs or over specialization on some skills, which were often criticized to delay holistic development.It has been argued by some scholars that schools that were operated by the departments of governments had the inclination to emphasize subjects that were too technical up to the extent of neglecting certain subjects such as English, Mathematics and the fond Sciences. As such, some students after graduating from departmental schools normally look for jobs that they believed will be necessary for their employment rather than their abilities and interests (Patterson, 1955, p. 7-98).In effect of this, the inclination towards education had been something that was relative to that of available employment. Outside the market, it had been perceived that education had no value and in the long run, had stimulate d little demand to the public. It is with this respect that competition among available jobs had been perceived to be very keen wherein the colonial Nigeria has clustered to commercial areas within the region (Davis and Kalu-Nwiwu, 2001, p. 1).It could also be significantly noted that education for women during the post-war Nigeria had also been problematic as although there were already several domestic science centers that were established, very few of them remained in actual operation. As such, the education of women had been lagging in the country. The education that was provided to women were those solely with regard to food preparation, sewing, cleaning, general sanitation and elementary skills in nursing (World Bank, 1955, p. 588).

The Meaning of Torture Porn Essay Example for Free

The Meaning of Torture Porn EssayStephen King once wrote, in his seminal book on shame, Danse Macabre, I recognize terror as the finest emotion and so I will try to terrorize the reader. But if I trulyize that I cannot terrify, I will try to horrify, and if I find that I cannot horrify, Ill go for the gross-out. Im not proud (Kaye 3). From the sequence of aversion exposures that puzzle flooded the market over the past couple of years, its obvious that many of the filmmakers behind him arent too proud either. Horror picture seems like it has become an ocean of gore, and the current trend has even gotten its own name torture vulgarism.The term torture soot has little to do with real pornography. There is virtually no sexual meetivity involved, although the victims are unremarkably nude or partially nude. Torture is defined by Dictionary.com as the act of inflicting excruciating pain, as punishment or revenge, as a means of getting a confession or information, or for sh eer cruelty. It expresses the stem that its viewers are intensely aroused by the sight of human bodies usually young and quite often female that are getting separate into bloody chunks in the roughly awful ways imaginable (Williams 1).The next part of the term, porn, has null do to with what is going on onscreen and when placed alongside torture, has nothing to do with the definition of either word. Porn is a shortened form of pornography, which Dictionary.com defines principally as sexually explicit pictures, writings, or other material whose essential purpose is to cause sexual arousal. Seeing a naked body onscreen isnt extremely explicit or sexually arousing in many situations, particularly if the nude is being hacked to pieces by a fabricated serial gobble uper with a prop knife.In short, the characters in most well-known torture porn films are not usually developed enough to make us feel much sympathy for them theyre simply, men and women, set up to be sliced apart. Th eres a definite distinction between being grossed out and being terrified and I think many filmmakers have lost sight of that, says Ryan Rotten, managing editor of the horror Web Site ShockTilYouDrop.com (Kaye 3).According to Rafe Telsch, an assistant editor of Cinema Blend websiteAlmost everyone I know goes to the movies for equal reasons. We go to the movies because they entertain us. In the movies exists a world where the good guys win, hope prevails, and love conquers all. Movies make us feel better about ourselves and the world we personify in and sometimes offer that aphorism of wisdom we need to make it through rough times. A horror movie primarily serves to scare or horrify, to haunt someone long after theyve watched, or terrify them while they are watching it.However, in recent years, sadly, we are mostly seeing gore, to a greater extent females, or should I say hotties, being tortured for most of the film, beaten, tied up, faces cut off, limbs cut off, legs caught in som e kind of traps and for what? The films serve little or no purpose in storytelling or character development. This is not horror, it does not scare or leave you scared to turn the light off, and the films end usually in an easily predicted way. Our generation is past desensitization after watching countless disgusting mutilations slowly destroy the human bodies onscreen. So, do torture porn movies really serve any purpose, other than to gross the audience out and put them off their food?I personally cannot reason why movie audiences would find this recently popular sub-genre interesting. Instead of promoting the good in mankind, these movies promote the worst possible traits of the human race. In the real world, we take people who kidnap, torture, mutilate, maim, and kill innocent people and lock them away, even putting some to death. Nowadays, a group of filmmakers want to recreate that same concept in a fictional environment, glorifying sick behavior to sell tickets. Even worse, p eople are buying those tickets, maintaining the strength of these kinds of films and ensuring more to come.To be clear, my problem is not with the horror genre as a whole. A lot of horror exemplifies the idea of good versus evil with good eventually saving the day (not always, but frequently). Ive been a horror fan almost since I could watch movies, which is somewhere around the age of 6. I remember the times when I visited my grandparents with my younger brother during the summer, and we couldnt deferral until 10 o quantify to see a horror movie, since our parents stayed in the city. Our grandparents would always go to bed early, and we knew that on weekends, starting from 10 oclock most of the channels would show some type of a horror movie. Usually, my brother would ask me to shut off the TV and go to bed as soon as the best part of the movie began (by which I mean the scariest part), but I stayed, even though I had my eyes covered with a pillow for the majority of the movie. As I got older, I no longer needed the pillow.Most of the American movie-going society is familiar with the Saw films initiated in 2003 by James Wan and Leign Whannell, and with Eli Roths two Hostel films (released in 2005 and 2007), which represent the most lucrative horror films of the 21st century and serve as the most prominent examples of torture porn (Sharrett 32). So, when Saw 5 came out in 2008 and my friends dragged me into theater to watch it, I was shocked and sat in astonishment as Jigsaws victims were tortured. Jigsaw, the main antagonist of the series, places his victims in death traps that can only be stopped by the murder of another person. That night I left the theater wondering why anyone would ever want to watch torture in a movie when theres enough of it in the real world. I understand that for some of us horror movies allow us to confront our fears in a safe setting, but its a huge difference thinking about that when youre watching someone torture another human be ing, in all of its ugliness, on-screen than when youre watching the periodical news.If we can gain positive lessons about life from the movies, then what kind of moralistic values are torture porn movies instilling in our socialisation? As Rafe Telsch asked, Are we cultivating a crop of sadistic killers by allowing these kinds of movies to be made and shown?(1).What is even more disturbing about torture films is that while I was watching My Bloody Valentine (2009) in the cinema, people seemed to take great delight in laughing or cheering when an innocent character was injured or murdered. This, again, shows how horror films are moving away from what they originally stood for the ultimate triumph of good over the worst evils in humanity. Additionally we, as an audience, arent say to be cheering for the bad guys, were supposed to want the heroic characters to overcome the evil and survive the horrors.By now most of you have belike heard about the controversy surrounding captivity billboards as part of the films outdoor ad campaign in Los Angeles and New York. Captivity is a torture porn film starring Elisha Cuthbert. The depicted four panels with the headlines Abduction, Confinement, Torture, Termination along with the appropriate modern horror florescent lighting color design and scary visuals (Brodesser Arkner 13).This film outdoor campaign outraged some residents in the Los Angeles area. Parents went nuts, said Courtney Solomon, a partner at After Dark Films, a company that has a multi-picture deal with Lionsgate and that were responsible for marketing the film (13). Los Angeles Times columnist Steve Lopez wrote, I felt like I needed to take a shower just from having been within a hundred feet of it (Brodesser-Arkner 13). And thats only two adults expressing their feelings about the billboard. I have never seen Captivity, but based on the pictures I can easily imagine why parents would be concerned while driving with their kids on the highway and seeing this picture.

Khaleeji (Arab Gulf) Dialectic Essay Example for Free

Khaleeji (Arab Gulf) Dialectic EssayKhaleeji accent markic or Gulf Arabic is the linguistic communication of Arabic autochthonic to Arab nationals such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the joined Arab Emirates, Qatar or Kuwait. Constitute countries of UAE include Dubai, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi among some other(a) member countries. Others include Kuwait, Bahrain, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and most single outs of Southern Iraq, State of Qatar and the Sultanante of Oman. Khaleeji is not a create verbally plainly spoken expression by many countries in unify Arab Emirates (Sami, 1999). Countries within these regions are Arabic which is also known as Modern stock(a) Arabic (MSA). Gulf Arabic also known as Khaleeji is a variety of Arabic language spoken by nationalities from Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Khaleeji stressic has some worthy characteristics that variantiate it from other Arabian dialects such as a figure of slang terms and pronunciation of authorized words. The users of the language attain identical ethical originality especially true Arabs who trace their origin from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar or Bahrain. Immigrants from Iranian Gulf pick out contrastive language from that of Khaleeji.A salutary example to reflect this is the use of language by slew from GCC who are in a position to communicate and understand each other because their dialect is very similar (Gabriel, 2003). Accent of different users tend to differ from one region to another owing to their place of origin. United Arab Emirates share a deal out of slang terms with individuals from Bahrain. People from Bahrain and Qatar both have undeniable similarity in the use of their language. Saudi Arabia itself has a number of dialects whereby good deal from the northern part of the country sound different from those from the southern part of the country.People from Jeddah have notable accent while those from Eastern province have an accent similar to those from Bahrain, Qatar and Kuwait (Jacques, 2003). The language is utilize in the press such as television, radios, magazines and red-hotspapers. Officials in the government use this language to communicate distinguished information and it is utilize in day-to-day tasks by Gulf Arabs. Gulf Arabic is a variety of Arabic language spoken around the Persian Gulf. Some notable characteristics that differentiate Khaleeji language include small number of Persian loanwords and pronunciation of k as ch (Leslie, 2003).The background of Khaleeji dialectic can be traced from Old marriage Arabian dialects of pre-Islamic Arabia. As a matter of fact, early Arabic language had noticeable dialect distinctions between Adnan, Himyar and Qahtanite. The spread of Islam in 7th century do Quranic Araqbic to be one of the most prevalent dialects (Buhier, 2001). Vernacular Arabic was first recognized as a written language in contrast to Greco-Roman Arabic during the 17th century. In African continent, Egypt was a m ajor developer of elite that guide to formation of certain bring downs towards colloquial writing.In the new world, Arabs have different spoken dialects from literary Arabic. another(prenominal) basis of Khaleeji dialect is related to Arabic pronunciation which is central to Semitic language. The language is related to other Semitic languages such as Hebrew and Neo-Aramaic languages. Khaleeji language has more speakers than any other language in Semitic language family. It is the first language with a number of two hundred and eighty million people. Most of the people speaking this language live in Middle East and North Africa. Khaleeji dialect has a variety of geographically distri buted speakers some of which are mutually unintelligible.The Islamic world has borrowed a number of words from Arabic languages meaning that they share certain accents. In the middle(a) ages, Arabic was a major concern of cultural practices by many European languages. Arabic language has influence f rom many Mediterranean languages especially Spanish, Sicilian and Portuguese (Mufwene, 2001). This owes both to proximity of Arab civilizations and European during the 700 years of Islamic rule. Khaleeji dialect borrows words from other languages including Hebrew, Persian and Syriac in the early centuries. In the regularityrn times, Arabic language has some sentiments of European language.The central dialect known as Khaleeji in Saudi Arabia is one of the closest dialects to classical Arabic. The Arabs are united by one language which is a common aspect that helped the Arabs to change Persian Gulf. A brief description of the Persian Gulf a major growth in Khaleeji dialect is very crucial to help understand the background of such language (Hrair, 1998). The Persian Gulf was a re-known transportation route that declined with come down of Mesopotamia. The region was under the control of Arabs, Persians, Western Europeans and Turks. The Arabs, Persians and Turks are our major relevan t issues in this paper.The Arab sheikhdoms of Persian Gulf signed perpetual maritime truce that led to formalization of certain truces. The sheiks agreed to stop harassment of British shipping in Arabian Sea and recognize Britain as the dominant power in the gulf. These Sheikdoms became to be known as the crucial States upon the agreements by major powers around 1907. This led to a development of Khaleeji dialect which differentiates individuals from different Arabic background. Arabic language is Semitic with a variety of dialects that diverge from one country to another and within single country.There are two major classification of the language such as classical and standard Arabic with certain variants. Arabic in its native environment occurs in a diglossic situation meaning that native speakers in Arabic countries analyse on how to use two different forms of language (Peter, 2001). In the Arabic countries, they learn their mother tongue which is used nearly in all communicati on including films, plays and unison. Modern Standard Arabic is another major class of Arabic language learned in schools and is used in most printed work, formal institutions and public media.The use of the two major classes of language differs from one country to another, speaker to speaker and subject matter of discussion. People coif mistakes when they assume that all Gulf Arabs are same in which case there is a big difference. The difference is as vast as in other various forms of national interest such as the dress compute. The local United Arab Emirates has origins that come from within and outside Arabian territory. The emirate people have their origin from diverse places such as Yemen, Asian sub-continent, Iran and khaleeji.There are a number of ethnic groups that depict the difference between the users of Khaleeji dialect and other languages. Bani Yas is a major focus in the aspect of discussing Arabic ethnicities. The Balushi people are the entertainers of indigenous u niverse which is more approachable than any other nationals in UAE. They are considered as entertainers because of their humorous nature and their character of easy going. The Balushistans have their roots in Iran and borrows some Pakistan traits (Katzner, 2002). A major concern is their dress code and use of language with slight difference from other Arabic countries.A major development has been made to bring out clearly the speakers of Khaleeji dialect. This is clearly envisioned in cultural and religious practices. People try to merge subtlety and religion to mean the same thing but this is not possible as the two terms mean different things. An important aspect of Khaleeji is its values and meaning it has to different Arabic countries. However, the Arabic society is considered to be one entity but with different cultural practices. The common element in this aspect is the issue of Islamic observations. Islam and Arabs have common traits but they have a number of differences.Th e Arabian culture is rich with rituals and customs that are not particularly practices by the Islam. Islam move to borrow some cultural observations from Arabs and in other situations they have tried to abolish some Arabic practices. In the past the Islamic and Arabic interaction was dynamic leading to a development of certain languages. Islam added to Arabian culture leading to existence of new Hadiths with odd endorsed concepts. The Islam was very stern trying to shape a new nation out of the Arabs and abolished Arab nationalism into a new Islamic identity (Gabriel, 2003).However this was never achieved as individuals had different feelings of belonging. There have been various changes in feeling with change of circumstances, time and surroundings. Majority of Arabic countries that use the Khaleeji language are not in a state of take or leave it with Islam. They pick and choose what suits their personal beliefs or lifestyles. Another consideration is what the society makes an ea sy option relating to what has been accustomed to them. A blend between Islam and Arabia is the current structure of Arabic society.The society has a number of components that divert in proportion from one individual to another. Different cultures that in region aboard merchant ships and commercial jets. Language is an aspect of connecting Gulfs population at home and on the street. A development of the Gulf Pidgin Arabic (GAP) a testament to the ability of trade and development creates something new. A mixture of Khaleeji Arabic and South Asian languages has gained recognition as Lingua franca on the streets. Many people are interested in learning Khaleeji language so as to get employed in many countries of United Arab Emirates.A country like Dubai is known for its booming course of textile and electronic goods. Business people should have a common language that promotes the extent of doing business (Peter, 2001). A businessperson should be in a position to communicate with custo mers in a language which is understood by the two partners. Talking to a neighbor or colleagues is of essence and requires each party to understand the essence of communication. Khaleeji has been of importance to business people and other individuals who travel to Arabic countries in search of jobs.Many individuals from Africa and other developing nations opt to look for employment opportunities in UAE countries. This requires the job seekers to learn Arabic language so as to fit in the job market. Communication is of essence and many individuals opt to choose the best way for crack information without a break down of specific channels. Khaleeji dialectic is a major development in Arabic countries used by melodyians to entertain their listeners (Barnett, 2000). As a language it is used by media to broadcast news and air entertaining television shows or programs.Arab artists sing in Gulf dialect but many listeners confuse their tones with other languages. Some of the medicationian s do it for money and others for fame. Diana is one of the best-known artists who use Arab Gulf to entertain her listeners. This is not a new trend and has been going on since the 1970s and the listeners look at it in terms of answerance and implications of the words. Khaleeji dialect is not as simple as people debate but if an artist is in a position to master Bedouin dialect in their own countries, they have no difficult when using Gulf dialect to perform their melody.Most Arabic countries have close forms of Bedouin dialect but this is never heard in main cities. It is commonly used by people in desert town or countryside to promote their cultural values. Many successful singers in Arabic countries who use Gulf dialect are ordinarily best in their own countries dialect. This means that a singer should be very well conversant with his or her own country dialect in the beginning using Gulf dialect. Singers without their own countries dialect will have their original accent come through even if they try to use proper verbiage used in Gulf countries (Sami, 1999).This is a major problem because singers may not be in a position to control turning Th into S. This problem is generally with people living in cities as they are called city dialects. The problem is major because it reaches a certain situation when singers beat words to pronounce grammar phonics wrong. Once this happens the meaning of the song or communicated message is changed. The problem in this situation arises as a result of poor root grammar from young age. However, some other people have no problem with Gulf dialect as they have good command of language.A a few(prenominal) number of Gulf artists sing in other Arabic dialects as well as in Arab which is also a Gulf dialect. This means that such artists are on their home turf which promotes production of good music. Khaleeji just means Gulf and it is a regional thing which relates to traditional music styles from Arab Persian Gulf states. T he major difference is the one shots distinct from other Arabic countries. Khaleeji dialectic used in music is drawn from Indian and African sources. Artists from Gulf States perform their music in styles from other countries.Khaleeji dialectic used in music is popular in Arabic countries especially radio stations. The stations play music from this musical style in which most Arabic singers normally sing in this particular genre. Most of them record their music in khaleeji style to cater for particular niche audience. Dubai is one of the main production centers for Khaleeji music in the recent past. Rabsha Art Production studio is a major studio in United Arab Emirates that specializes in Khaleeji music. It is one of the best known music studios that promote Khaleeji language. This is achieved through promotional campaigns undertaken by various channels.The studio is equipped with special tools and music computer software applications available for top quality condenser. This ens ures that quality of acoustic recordings meets international standards. Khaleeji music is based on peculiar rhythmic patterns accompanied by hand clapping. The genre of music is linked to belly dancing with particular traditional acoustic instruments. Traditional acoustic instruments create harmony leaving a room for join of instrument solos. The Khaleeji sound is created through the use of traditional acoustic instruments such as Oud the Arabic lute.Other instruments used include Qanoon which resembles plucked harp and the Rababa a bowed fiddle. Khaleeji style has not changed over time, as people from Persian Gulf are proud of their cultural heritage. The rhythmic layers of the music are evenhandedly much traditional in both style and sound. Recently, the genre of music has taken a new trend whereby there is application of modern instruments which gives the music additional contemporary flavor. The music genre uses certain elements of traditional and modern instruments giving it entertaining beats.The genre of music has found a huge number of customer bases not only in the UAE market but in Syria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and Iran. Rabsha is a development that shows the evaluation of digital technologies and virtual instruments. Application of modern technology is a basic consideration in production studios and other digital workstations. This means that application of technology has shaped the music career in Arabic countries. The situation has led to creation of employment opportunities a measure for improving economic development.Many production studios in UAE apply software and other technologies to produce quality music. However, there has been a down play in the process of producing music whereby there are no available plug-in to replace inbred sound of real Oud player. The manufacturing business of music has his own sound trademark as a result of using real instruments. Once the music has been produced, the maker uses midi-driven samples to spi ce up the mix. This is a step that has led to promotion of Khaleeji dialectic in many Arabic countries and other states. One major known producer of Khaleeji music is Alali who runs Rabsha radio station.The producer works with a team of known Khaleeji artists such as Qanoon player, Saadek, Hassan Faleh and Haythan Sadoon. Alali is a well re-known television presenter who has helped to change the mode of music composition approach. He says that working in the capacity of editing pictures has dramatically changed the capacity to compose music. This has led to improvement of songwriting and mixing skills of videos. The process of producing music is very extensive and calls for allocation of time in the aspect of promoting music as a career and advancement of entertainment industry.In this case, Alali is in a position to expand his studio so as to meet increased demand of video music. Clients have been in massive demand of his music and he provides them with the capacity to record and e dit their music from his studio. The relevant concept of this argument is the fact of promoting Khaleeji dialectic through music videos. A major advantage in this concept is the application of package music track under one roof. The use of khaleeji dialectic in music is destined to be more important in future as it is gaining popularity among other non-Arabic audiences.Although it is based on traditional concepts, the act of producing the music through digital technology means that it is available via the internet. This therefrom is an implication that such music is accessible to other listeners all over the world. The production of music through traditional Khaleeji gives it a modern touch that widens its appeal. Khaleeji music is very entertaining and this attracts many people to listen such music. In certain circumstances, individuals develop a mechanism for developing music genre which is essentially essential in media (Barnett, 2000).Khaleeji dialect which is developed from d ifferent Arabic countries has led to advancement in entertainment sector through music, films and dance. As a major area of concern in the history of Arabic countries, Khaleeji dance basically known as belly dance is a way of promoting Khaleeji dialect. It is a classifiable style of Arabic peninsula and Persian Gulf including countries such as Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Yemen and some parts of Iraq. The belly dance performed by different Arabic countries is different from the one that is performed by Egyptians, Turkish and Lebanese.Language in any particular nation is a reflection of cultural practices and dance styles. In this case a major concern is in promotion of language through Khaleeji dance performed by people wearing characteristic piece of clothing called thobe nasshal. Khaleeji dance is performed through an Arabic dance style that involves a lot of focus on footwork, movements and spins. Dancers toss their unbound hair from one shoulder to the other as per the rhythm. Khaleeji rhythm is different from classical Middle Eastern rhythms characterized by heavy beats.One common used rhythm is the Saudi rhythm with heavy accents on beats. Instruments used for Khaleeji style are frame drums such as bendirs or tars while ud is used as the primary instrument. Apart from the various issues of Khaleeji music and dance as discussed above which reflects Khaleeji dialect, there is a major issue related to dialectal various in Arabic languages. In some dialects there may be more or fewer phonemes than in non-Arabic languages. The variations exist between written and spoken language a major aspect that differentiates Khaleeji language from foreign languages (Leslie, 2003). plastered Arabic dialects differentiate some letters from other Semitic languages. During the past decades, expansion of Arabic characterized by emphatic phonemes meant a single phoneme. A major distinguishing mark of Arabic dialects is the application of certain stops. The grammatical concept of Khaleeji dialects differs from other Semitic languages. The algebraic looking grammar is the distinguishing mark between Arabic language and other foreign languages. Arabic language a major reflection of Khaleeji dialectic borrowed a number of religious terminologies, academic and economic terms used in every day activity.Arabic worlds with Khaleeji dialect also made their way into several West African languages as Islam tried to spread through the Sahara. Arabic language can be associated with Latin in Europe throughout the Islamic world. Many Arabic concepts are applied in certain handle such as science, commerce or philosophy. People like to use Arabic language with the help of translators who are known from the way they pronounce certain Arabic words. In addition, foreign concepts are translated into Arabic meaning so as to make every person in a given crowd understand message being communicated (Jacques, 2003).Khaleeji dialect is reflected in many different Arabic countri es through its application in many aspects of life. References Barnett, N. (2000). Dialogues in Arab Politics Negotiations in Regional Order. New York Columbia University Press Buhier, M. (2001). The Formation and Perception of the Modern Arab World. Princeton, NJ Darwin Press Gabriel B. (2003). Minorities and the State in the Arab World. Boulder, CO Lynne Rienner Publishers Hrair, D. (1998). Islam in Revolution Fundamentalism in the Arab World. Syracuse, NY Syracuse University Press Jacques, M. (2003).Languages in a Globalizing World. New York Cambridge University Press Katzner, K. (2002). The Languages of the World Language and Languages. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge Leslie, J. (2003). Colloquial Arabic (Khaleeji). London Routledge. Mufwene. S. (2001). The Ecology of Language Evolution. London Cambridge University Press Peter, C. (2001). Ideology of Power in the Middle East Studies in Honor of George Lereczowski on Dialectical Progress. Durham, NC Duke University Press Sami, H. (1999). Arab Socialism A Documentary take after of Dialectical Transformations. Salt Lake City University of Utah Press

Clinical Skills Reflection: Gibbs Model

Clinical Skills Reflection Gibbs ModelThe skill that I will reflect on in this essay is the administration of an intramuscular Injection (IM). An IM is an injection deep into a muscle (Dougherty & Lister, 2008). This r bulge oute is often chosen for its quick absorption rate and often medication cannot be give via other routes. The reason I have chosen to reflect on this skill is because I have had many opportunities to perform this skill, and at my actual workout placement this is the most commonly used method of drug administration. I have undertook many IMs at this placement but I am vent to reflect on the first one I undertook which was the administration of Hydroxocobalamin commonly known as vitamin B12 (BNF, 2007)DescriptionDuring a morning clinic with the practice nurse, I was asked if I would like to administer an IM on the next persevering, which was a 26 year old lady who has been suffering from crohns disease which can cause B12 deficiency imputable to lack of vitamin and mineral absorption (NACC, 2007). I agreed and she briefly went through with me how to do an IM as it had been a while since I had last done one. I c alled the patient in and asked her to sit down. The patient had come in for her first injection of B12. I chatted to the patient asking her how she was and if she had any concerns. I then gained have asking her if it was ok for me as a student to administer it under the supervision of the practice nurse. The patient responded with you have got to learn I then brisk the equipment which included two needles, a sharps box, a piece of gauze and the medication. I checked the prescription with the practice nurse, and then checked the ampoule against the prescription. I then drew up the medication with one needle disposing of it in the sharps box and attached the other needle. I then proceeded to administer the medication, subsequently completing the military operation I disposed of the needle in the sharps box and documented it in t he patients notes. After the patient had left the nurse explained to me I had done it all overcompensate except I had gone in too far so if the needle broke it would be hard to get it out and that I didnt extend to check if I had gone into a vein.Thoughts and olfactory propertyingsAfter I was asked if I wanted to do the IM I felt very anxious as it had been much than than 6 months since the last time I had administered one. But she explained the procedure to me which relieved some of my anxiety. When I first met the patient I was finding allot more nervous as the patient was roughly my age and I havent had much experience of caring for the younger person. After the procedure when I was told I was impose on _or_ oppress for not aspirating I felt annoyed as I was sure I had read that aspirating was no longer necessary.EvaluationOverall I feel that the clinical skill went well as a whole. I followed the instructions from my teach and what the enquiry has suggested other than fe eling a little anxious I performed the skill confidently and correctly. What I feel was bad about the experience is with my communication, which reflecting on I believe was lacking. I communicated with the patient prior to the skill and after the skill, but during I felt I almost forgot there was a patient on the end of the needle. I was so focused on getting the skill right and not causing any pain I didnt talk to the patient end-to-end the whole thing. Another point that I feel was bad is, I forgot to wear an apron. My mentor never mentioned anything about this although I do feel I should have worn one as its an aseptic technique and its part of the (DOH, 2006) guidelines.AnalysisThe reason why an IM injection was chosen is because B12 can only be administered via IM (BNF, 2007). I gained informed consent off the patient as this is part the NMC guidelines. (NMC, 2008) As patients have the right to decline treatment. After gaining consent, I then checked the medication against t he patients chart to ascertain the following Drug, Dose, date, route, the robustness of the prescription and the doctors signature. This is done to make sure the patient receives the correct drug and dose (NMC, 2008) I then washed my hands using Ayliffes six stair technique to cut down the risk of infection and put gloves on as part of DOH 2007 Guidelines . The site that I chose was the mid deltoid site. Hunt (2008) Suggests that this is the scoop out site to use as its easy to access whether the patient is sitting, standing or lying down, it also has the advantage of being away from major nerve and blood vessels. Although Roger (2000) states that only 2ml at most can be injected into the deltoid. I was able to proceed with this site as B12 comes in a 1ml dose (BNF, 2007). I asked her if she would prefer to sit or lie down, she said she rather sit, this was ok with me as I am not very tall and found this a comfortable position for me. As the patient was wearing a short sleeve t op I asked her to move it up slightly instead of removing it and so allowing her to maintain her privacy and dignity. I then assessed the injection site for suitability checking for any signs of infection, oedema or lesions. This is done to promote the effectiveness of administration and reduce the risk of cross infection (Woorkman, 1999). Holding the needle at a 90 degree angle it is quickly pushed into the muscle. Workman 1999 says this ensures good muscle penetration. I inserted the needle leaving approximately 1/2cm exposed as Workman, (1999) says this makes removing it easier should it break off. At this point I decided not to aspirate as per research (DOH, 2006). After inserting the needle I allowed it to remain there for 10 seconds. As Woorkman (1999) suggest that leaving in situ for 10 seconds allows the medication to diffuse into the tissues. After 10 seconds had past I swiftly removed the needle and applied pressure according to Dougherty & Lister (2008) this helps preven t the formation of a haematoma. Immediately after carrying out the skill I disposed of the needle into a rigid sharps container. To ensure health and safety is maintained and the used sharps dont present a danger to me or other staff members as stated by MRHA (2004). After the procedure I documented it within the patients notes as per NMC guidelines and to provide a point of credit entry if there ever was a query regarding the treatment and to prevent duplicate administration (NMC, Guide lines for records and record keeping, 2005). After the skill I discussed with my mentor that late evidence suggest that aspirating is unnecessary. According to Workman (1999) the reason for aspirating is to confirm that the needle is in the correct position and to make sure that it has not gone into a vein. The most recent and up to date evidence, says that aspiration is only necessary if using the dorsogluteal site to check for gluteal artery entry (Hunter, 2008). But authoritative guidance from the World Health Organisation and the Department of Health (DOH, 2006) (WHO, 2004) suggest that this site should no longer be used, thus making aspiration unnecessary. By not aspirating it makes the procedure simpler and less chance of adverse events. Furthermore pharmaceutical companies are making less caustic preparations and in smaller volumes. I discussed this with my mentor and she agreed but stated that it is PCT policy to aspirate, and she would have to continue to follow this practice until the policy was amended.ConclusionUsing the Gibbs model of reflection has allowed me to thoroughly analyse the event and allowed me to explore my feelings. I have found out despite the evidence being constantly up to date that not all practitioners knowledge is as up to date, and that trusts are equally as slow to adopt new ideas within their policies and that nurses are governed by policy more than current research. I have also learned that there is a great deal of evidence behind such what on the outside seems to be a simple technique and what I thought I was doing correctly may not always be the case.Action planI do not doubt I will be carrying out IMs for a long time in my career. I will not be doing much otherwise in the future as the evidence is underpinning my practice. I will not put the needle in as far as I did on this occasion. In the future I will continue not to aspirate, unless local policy indicates otherwise. In addition I will communicate with the patient throughout the entire skill and not just at the start and end of. Whats more from this event I have realised that learning never loot and what I know now may not be relevant tomorrow.

PG Pakistan

PG PakistanIntroduction to the Project-I would like to introduce our crop, I look at the product bollockss by Procter and Gamble. I analyzed the market environment of the high society and its competitors around, on the whole the main focus will be on the market mix of the product which will include Product, determine, Place and Promotion analysis, Including the brief summary at the end of the project with some conclusions and recommendations.Brief History of the troupe-PG Pakistan is a subsidiary of the Procter and Gamble Corporation the leading consumer goods company with a mission to improve the lives of consumers wherever it operates. PG is an international Company fliping out to roughly the entire military man population with more than 250 brands in 130 countries. Many of these world brands (Ariel, Tide, Pert Plus, Pantene pro-V, Head Shoulders, Pampers and Always) sire become famous ho ingestionhold name calling and are found in almost ein truth home. Headquartered i n Cincinnati-Ohio in the USA, PG has local operations across the globe in more than 80 contrary countries, including numerous manufacturing sites and 18 RD-technical centers. PG is an internationally owned company with publicly traded shares, currently owned by all over oneness million shareholders from around the globe. PG employs over c,000 pot from all over the world, spread evenly surrounded by 1-USA, 2-Europe/Middle East and Africa and 3-Latin America/Asia. PG hires and respects individuals regardless of race, color, religion, gender, age, national origin, citizenship or disability, and actively promotes diversity inwardly its organization as well as in its business operations.Procter Gamble started its operations in Pakistan in 1991 with the goal of becoming the finest global local consumer goods company operating in Pakistan. With commitment came growth, and in 1994 we acquired a soap-manufacturing facility, a sprawling 7-acre land at Hub, Balochistan. Over the past nightspot yrs, the plant achieved state-of-art manufacturing technologies and quality authorization processes. With a recent strategic investment of 5 million dollars, the bar soap production capacity jumped three-fold. As a company Procter Gamble have always believed in the potential Pakistan has as a country and a nation to develop and excel. No wonder PG Pakistan, within the last 12 years, has reinvested over $100 million in Pakistan and has contributed close to seven billion rupees to the Pakistani governments revenues over the last 5 years in the form of sales tax, tradition and excise duties. That is also why 99% of the jobs that PG Pakistan creates in Pakistan are held by Pakistanis. All this makes PG a more locally involved company than many companies really headquartered in Pakistan P G quotes We proudly celebrate being a part of the Pakistani way of life.(Official Website Statement)Something nearly our Product-Our product is Pampers and the brief explanation of Pam pers is as follows-Victor Mills was an American chemical engineer who, while working for the Procter Gamble Co., revolutionized child care with the invention of the disposable diaper he began work on that product in the 1950s, development his grandchildren as test subjects (b. 1897d. Nov. 1, 1997).(Britannica Encyclopedia)Evolution of Pampers-Evolution of Pampers has been carried out through its invention in 1950 to present year 2006. Today, Pampers says a variety of customized sub-brands to address a childs growing (and going) needs. Globally Pampers is the undisputed leader with over 50 percent of the market share. Addressing an international stronghold, the home summon of Pampers on web shouts out a welcome to over 20 different nations, offering versions of the site in many languages. In line with its rent to build a go-to site, Pampers.com contains a wealth of parenting know-how. The majority of said know-how is assembled courtesy of a section called the Pampers Parenting I nstitute(Vivian Manning, Web Article)Introduction of Pampers in Pakistan-In revered 2000, Procter Gamble launched Pampers in Pakistan. Local consumers benefit from this globally renowned product that is approved by standards of the Human Safety Reassurance Program and also endorsed by the supranational Society of Pediatricians. Imported from Saudi Arabia, Pampers is packed locally and aims to proffer a better parenting experience to Pakistani mothers.(Official Web Statement)Marketing Mix Analysis- The adjust of all controllable tactical marketing tools, product, price, place, and promotions .that a firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market.(Kotler, 11 Ed)Marketing mix includes- Product Price Place Promotion We will analyze all the four categories of Marketing Mix-First of all we would like to tell about some of the competitors of the Pampers.As Pampers is manufactured by PG in Saudi Arabia and packed in Pakistan, They hold a significant place in the mark et with some local CompetitorsCompetitors- rugged competitors-There is no such string Competitors of Pampers in Pakistan however some naked as a jaybird companies recently entered the scene in last few years.Weak Competitors-In some what weak Competitors following competitors are there- Baby Master (Comfort plus) Baby master Comfort plus Diapers are made by Z J hygienic products private limited.LG Household Health Care-LG recently launched its baby diapers in the brand name of Maman Premium Some overseas Brands-Foreign brands of Huggies, Luvs Pampers Its self are competitors to Pampers sold in Pakistan, but they are afforded by few people in the country.PRODUCT-Name- PampersParts of Product (Pampers) sum of money part or BenefitsThe core parts or benefits of pampers is it provide baby care, form the actually tender age of 2 months to 4 years, Pampers is the brand which introduced the world to the concept of the disposable diaper. Actual partsActual parts of Pampers are differ ent sizes of packages which come under the age Category of the child like it ranges from 2 months to 4 years. In Small, Medium, Large sizes AugmentationAugmented part we can say that Pamper.com international website deals with delicate sensibilities of new parents, this area offers free expert advice through alliances with organizations and Pamper is also the innovator of Pampers Baby care Mobile Clinic, which is a door to door activity that checks Mothers about the key benefits of Pampers and on Baby care tips. incasePampers packaging is done in Pakistan, and the company has introduced many packs for different segments of the markets depending upon the babys age group and weight.Small Pack with 9 baby diapers age ranging from 2 months to 8 months. Medium Pack includes 8 baby diapers age ranging from 10 to 28 months. Large Pack includes 7 baby diapers age ranging from 29 to 40 months foster Packs (Large Packs including 16-20 Diapers in all sizes.) Product Segmentation-The Company is targeting the common house hold of the country with the firm belief that the company provides the baby care products to its very best. The awareness program is being created by making many health issues seminars and mobile baby care services which guides the mothers to take better care of their new born. Market is very much open for all the competitors, the competitors are competing in the better product survival environment.PLACE- dispersal (Intermediaries) Channel-Company uses these levels of Distribution of Pampers-Distributor-There is one large distributor in the city (Lahore) .The distribution of the P G products in Lahore city is done by IBL insular limited.Small Distributors-The Pampers is distributed to the retailers by some little distributors which are nail downd and are divided on the base of geographical area of the city.Availability-Pampers are very widely distributed through the group of both the main supplier in the city and small distributors, it is widely ava ilable at most retail shops in suburb, towns and pharmacies.Justification-The availability of the Pampers in the market is due to the knowledge of the people towards baby care, and pampers really innovates the culture of baby hygiene and care products, this is the main motive of its wide availability in the market. People are more conscious towards the baby health issues and pamper is one of the core product in that regard. expenditure-Internal FactorsInternal factors affecting pricing of Pampers are Goal and ObjectivesCompanys goals and objectives are to prolong the market share of Pampers and to survive in the market. So company shifts its prices to ontogeny sales and maintain its market position. Cost Aspects Actual Cost-Cost of production i.e. Cost includes its raw cost of importing from Saudi Arabia and its Packing in Pakistan. Costs involve in transportation of Pampers and its promotional Advertisements. Organizational ConsiderationThe decisions regarding the price of Pamp ers is undertaken by the mutual consent of PG (Brand Director), Pampers Marketing Managers, Pampers Brand managers and Companies activation manager. The up and down in the price of the Pampers is due to there Competitors price system.External Factors Market and DemandPampers has a stiff competition now a long fourth dimension due to two competitors competing along with Pampers ,In Winter season the demand for the baby diapers Increases so the company follows the promotional price strategy. Competitors Pricing StrategyCompetitors price strategy also affects the price and promotional strategy of the Company, but Pampers holds quite good share in the market so Competitors may have the effect on the pricing strategy but t normal extent.Prices Adjustments TechniquesDiscount TechniquesPampers follows different discounts techniques for the distributors, retailers and consumers. The details are as follows.DistributorsPG offer 6% discount to their distributors on Pampers.RetailersPampers offer Rs. 8 to 10 to the retailers on each Pack offering them the pack for 90 to 92 Rs.ConsumersConsumer Price for the Normal Pack in all sizes is Rs 100 and Value Pack is Rs 169Price Comparison of Pampers with other brandsBrandsQuantity (No Of Diapers) R.P S.TConsumer Price (Rs)PampersNormal Pack7-9 86.9012.10100Small size of it 9 86.9012.10100Medium Size 8 86.9012.10100Large Size 7 86.9012.10100Value Pack(All sizes) 14-18 144.2324.77169Baby MasterNormal Pack7-9 82 10.1394Small Size 9 82 10.1394Medium Size 8 82 10.13 94Large Size 7 82 10.13 94LG Maman DiapersNormal Pack7-9 82 10.1394Small Size 9 82 10.1394Medium Size 8 82 10.13 94Large Size 7 82 10.13 94PromotionPromotion Mix Advertising-P G uses extensive promotional tools to promote it product Pampers. The Advertising phenomenon which is used for pampers promotional campaign is Educational Promotion, which means that the advertisements on the media is purposely educative which define the mother child relation ship with the use of Pampers .Most of the adds used in the media educate mothers of how to be better in baby care and to benefit the use of pampers for the toddlers.Objectives of Advertising-Pampers advertises on television all year round delivering the central message of anights calm being essential for a childs growth and development, and the only way to ensure a good nights sleep is to keep the baby dry. Pamper is also the innovator of Pampers Baby care Mobile Clinic, which is a door to door activity that educates Mothers about the key benefits of Pampers and on Baby care tips.Public Relations-Pampers forms a healthy relationship environment between mothers pampers and child, by building a complete figure of baby care phenomenon. Like recently A product upgrade on Pampers, was announced at a press conference in Karachi .The event also celebrated Pampers palmy collaboration with the Pakistan Pediatric Association in delivering child welfare upbringing to the Pakistani mothers.(Press Release Sour ce)Sales Promotion-Pampers has always offered sales promotions for its customers by introducing the Value Packs from time to time, also offers discounts on its Value packs to strengthen its Sales Promotions. extract of Media-Pampers have used all types of media sources available in the country like Television, Radio, Bill boards, poster adds.Marketing Mix Analysis-Recommendations and Conclusions-The product mixfor Pampers is great and it contains a deep line. The special feature of Pampers is the new diaper core design including a new dual acquisition system which helps to improve the destine of babys skin through a better dryness performance. The Pampers core takes in urine from the diaper surface after loading. Fast acquisition minimizes babys contact time with the skin. A homogeneous blend of cellulose and a very absorbent material result in efficient distribution of the GM. The storage technology locks the urine out so that it cannot return to the babys skin. Leg elastics, ba rrier leg cuffs and the waist shield are added to provide greater leakage prevention. The fastening strips allow the diaper to be refastened over and over again. Balsam lotion on the top-sheet provides comfort and moisturizing to babys skin, each time he moves.Furthermore,labelingis also important to Pampers. Every label clearly shows thePamper logo on its package. Labeling is also used as a way to educate consumers. Forexample, Pampers had a public campaign educating parents of the immensity of placingtheir baby on their back to sleep to help prevent Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (Back tosleep). The Back to Sleep message was printed on the back of all packages on diapersin order to educate and inform consumers of this serious matter.Pricing-Pampers is a premium product that has a substitutes available in Pakistan suchas Baby Care, LG Maman Diapers, private and generic brands, material Diapers. Pricing isdone so that Pampers is economically affordable by all households. In addition , they use psychological pricing all of theirproducts prices end with a nine. This makes theconsumer feel they are receiving a good value for their money. Pricing is also elastic consumers may buy a different product if the price of that productis better. This is one reason why Pampers usescompetition-based pricingwhendetermining what the price for their products will be. Pampers major competitor is pricesfor the diapers are basically the same. This helps to maintain their portion of the marketshare. However, Pampers diaper wipe line costs a little more thanBaby Care, LGMaman Diaperswhich gives Pampers the advantage of focusing on the quality of theirdiaper wipe line.Distribution for Pampers is intensive, allowing them to reach their target markets thusstaying competitive with their competitors. Pampers can be found in most grocery,convenience, drugstores, and retail stores.. Since Pampers products are convenienceproducts distributing their products in many stores helps Pampers to r emain competitive,maintain their market share, and gain a portion of the market as well. As market share ofPampers in Pakistan is 75 %(official website source)The promotional mixof Pampers contains a variety of elements through non personalselling. These elements include advertising, product placement, sales promotions, andpublic relations. All these methods of promotion are consistent with Pampers message. Advertising is done in magazines that tinge mostly to parenting, TV commercials, andbillboards. Recently Pampers decided to cut back on their TV commercial air time andconcentrate more of their advertising using product placement(Flint, 2005)Sales promotionsare done on a continuous basis with Pampers. These types ofpromotions most normally include coupons, displays, rewards, and samples. Furthermore,they utilize direct marketing to some extent by brochures, and pamphlets that educateparents about their childs development stage while promoting and informing consumersabout their p roducts. PG in Pakistan, produces bar soaps and repacks bulk shampoosinto sachets and bulk Pampers into littler Pampers packsPampers uses public relations throughout its entire global market. They make donationsto many causes and are associated with many prominent organizations in Pakistan. LikeThey Step up to provide services to Earth Quake Hit areas last year in Pakistan. Theyhave an global website for parents and healthcare professionals that help educate them onmany aspects of babies and toddlers.Pampers has been successful in developing a well integrated communications strategy.Their message is consistent and they have coordinated their promotions to ensure that theconsumers are well informed about their products. By educating parents about thedevelopmental stages from newborn to toddler, Pampers has been able to successfullypromote it products at the same time.Indicated Action/Recommended Changes- eventide though Pampers has a well create strategy in place, there is always ro om forimprovement. Two areas where improvements could be implemented are in extendingtheir product line and developing new promotional strategies. Their product line could beextended to include bath products such as baby soap and shampoo for the baby. Thiswould be good in educating parents the importance of teaching cleanliness to their babies.Some what high prices of Pampers could not extensively attract the low income people inPakistan, We recommend that Pampers could introduce the Value pack of 5 Diapers for50 Rs, to attract the most part of population, The cost may be very large initially, but wethink that this change will work wonder in long run for the Pampers ever bright future inPakistan, People with low income use to buy open pamper pack , like one or two piece ata time, and retailers benefit this opportunity by charging high prices it could be madepublicly beneficial by introducing small packs containing 2 -3 diapers. Lastly, Pampers could promote their product a little mo re vigorously. For example, to gain new customers and keep loyal customer they could place a coupon for diapers on their package or inside the package of diapers. This could help increase sales since fewer customers would want to switch to another brand that has a better price. Even though they do have the rewards program for purchasing Pampers, not all customers get to reap these benefits due to lack of internet or just not being aware of the program. Coupons would give all the fair chance of being rewarded by saving money when they purchase their products

The Four Steps Of Problem Solving Information Technology Essay

The Four Steps Of Problem Solving Information Technology testThe initial problem that Mark Singleton was trying to resolve is the implementation of a CRM musical arrangement to increase sales by raising the calculate of contacts family relationship bankers were making and improving the trailing of these activities so that the bank could learn more from them. Also Singleton wanted a CRM carcass that places a great value on the person-to-person interactions between his relationship bankers and their clients and doesnt interfere with those interactions and diminishes the relationship bankers rapport with customers.In the problem-solving process which is especially valuable when we need to build new forms as a dissolver to a problem or perplex of problems the organization perceives it is facing. The problem in this case came from the management realization that the organization should take advantage of new opportunities to act more effectively, but they didnt apply the four ste ps of problem solving. In the problem-solving process to arrangement building, we would need to take the following four steps(1) prepare and beneathstand the problem.(2) Develop alternative stems.(3) Choose the best ancestor.(4) Implement the beginning.Citizens National Bank CEO Mark Singleton achieved the first step with an outstanding performance in defining and infrastanding the problem for which they need to build a new outline but he failed dramatically in applying the rest of the steps take by the problem-solving process to build a new system. Mr. Singleton did non devise, fix or try several alternative solutions before opting for a new CRM system to solve the problem of paper and manual work and replace it with a new selective information system to automate some of the bankers tasks. Because he did non develop alternative solutions, he couldnt choose the best solution which led to a failed implementation in the first solution.What was the crinkle organisation c ase for implementing a new system? What were some of the tangible benefits? What were some of the intangible benefits?Organizationally, Citizens National Bank of Texas is a private, full-service bank with headquarters in Waxahachie, Texas, and 200 employees that has operated indepgoalently since 1868. Citizens National Bank relies on personal, retail, and commercial customers and serves businesses and consumers in Ellis County and other nearby counties, primarily in communities with populations of 25,000 or less.Citizen National bank operates heavily manual and count on paper system in which sometimes a sales representative that left Citizens National could take records of customer interaction with him or her, leaving the bank with no information to guard the relationship. The paper system also created too much(prenominal) information for Singleton and his branch managers to process effectively. So that the old paper system cannot take hold the large number of new customers and the annual grow at a rate of 12 percent.A major part of Citizen Nationals strategy for continuing growth was to implement customer relationship management (CRM) software package. The CRM strategy targeted the banks two main contact points with customers the banks call center and its sales force. The objectives of a solution for Citizens National Bank would be to turn off the amount of time, effort, and errors in the introduce of activities made by relationship bankers and to increase sales by raising the number of contacts relationship bankers were making and improving the tracking of these activities so that the bank could learn more from them.Tangible BenefitsIncreased productivity Using a CRM system will enable relationship bankers to improve their tracking activities with customers, which in turn increase their productivity and give them competency to serve more customers.Lower operational costs using electronic records will substantially reduce papers utilize and result in cost saving.Reduced workforce this is will be the result of increasing bankers productivity to serve more customers, which in turn will considerably reduce the workforce required to handle the projected increase in sales.Reduced rate of growth in expensesReduced facility costs due to paper reduction, and workforce reduction.Intangible BenefitsImproved organizational planning and flexibility because the paper system created too much information for Singleton and his branch managers to process effectively. The CRM system will give them efficient information to make effective decisions.Improved decision making having accurate information under executives and managers control will dramatically enhance the decision making.Improved operations The CRM system will enable the bank to approve credit and lend applications more quickly.Improved asset utilization and improved resource control.More information available in a timely manner.Enhanced employee goodwill because under the old paper system, a salesperson that left Citizens National could take records of customer interaction with him or her, leaving the bank with no information to make the relationship.Increased job satisfaction among employees.Higher client satisfaction nothing will satisfy the customers more than getting a quick approvals and smooth transactions. meliorate corporate image this is will result automatically from an increase in job satisfaction among employees and a higher client satisfaction.Why didnt the implementation of the Siebel CRM solution work out for Citizens National? What were the biggest factors? How would you classify these factors in terms of organization, technology, and people issues?I believe that the implementation of the Siebel CRM solution didnt work out for Citizens National because it was not the best solution that applies or fits into the defined problem it didnt work out because it was not a result of a thorough selection that went through dead evaluation for multiple alternatives or solutions. The implementation failed for many factors, I will classify these factors in terms of organization, technology, and people issuesOrganization the approach of Citizens National toward around all business functions, from tracking customer leads to generating reports about them, was very basic. The Siebel software was simply too rich in features.From the start, Citizens National had trouble getting the software to fit its rather straightforward, basic customer-lead tracking and reporting needs. With Siebel, we were spending way too much time turning off capabilities that we didnt need, Singleton explains. An example of functionality that didnt fit Citizens Nationals business model was Siebels capability for setting up customer support cases. While some large corporations may want to set up a support case with detailed complaint-tracking and resolution functions, the small bank had no use for it. Service complaints that come in to Citizens National are handle d on the spot by its call center. For service inquiries that require a follow-up, such as a customer asking about the reordering of checks, the call-center representative schedules an activity by displace an e-mail to the employee who handles check orders. (Bartholomew, 2007)People Employees erect the software to be too complicated. They were surprised to learn, for example, that the system did not automatically generate potential business opportunities for customers on their records. Furthermore, bankers were not able to view multiple relationships between a customer and the bank on the same screen. The extra navigation was confusing and inefficient.The relationship bankers were the discern employees the system was intended to be of value to them, and, in turn, provide value to the bank. However, they found no incentive in the Siebel environment because their compensation was based on sales, and sales had become harder to make.Another issue was Siebels complexity. Citizens Natio nals bankers found the system difficult to navigate. For instance, the banking representatives couldnt understand why an opportunity to make a loan to a grumpy customer wasnt listed under the customers record. You have to assign that opportunity to that person, explains Doug Furney, president and CEO of The Small Business Solution. If you dont make those relationships when entering the data, the opportunity wont appear under that customers record. Not everyone easily grasped this concept. (Bartholomew, 2007)Furney says the way the screens were laid out in Siebel, Citizens bankers had to flip back and forth between the various screens to identify different relationships that customers had with the bank. Understanding these relationships in the system was very confusing to their bankers, he says.As a result, the banks top sales representatives, who werent eager to change the way they did their work to fit the needs of the software, found Siebels learning curve too steep to negotiate. Citizens Nationals 16 relationship bankers never got over the ease-of-use problems that Siebel presented, Furney says. (Bartholomew, 2007)Deloittes Davis says that the Siebel implementation at Citizens National may have indeed failed because of a lack of buy-in from those expected to use it most-the relationship bankers. If the people using the system dont pick out whats in it for them and dont see the value of using it, then it will not work the way the company expected, Davis says. (Bartholomew, 2007)Technology Citizens National experienced compatibility issues between the database formats in Siebel and those used by the banks core banking application, developed by Kirchman. As a result, the two systems had difficulty exchanging information properly. The bank was forced to spend a significant amount of time fixing such compatibility issues, which negatively impacted its ability to serve customers.Citizens National also had to deal with a raft of customization issues, often stemm ing from the fights between databases. Furney worked to integrate Siebel with Citizens Nationals core banking application. The bank uses banking software from Kirchman, whose vertical systems are used by numerous small and medium-size banks to process and track customers deposits, loans and trust accounts. Trying to get these two systems to talk was a challenge, he says. (Bartholomew, 2007)One basic difference was the way the core banking application set up its customer data fields. The Kirchman system did not have individual fields for both the customers first and concluding names, choosing instead to include the full name in a single field. By contrast, in Siebel, the customers first and last name each had a data field. Thats the kind of thing we ran into when we tried to marry data from these two different systems, Furney says. This kind of integration takes time, and customers dont realize how much time is required. (Bartholomew, 2007)Was QuickBase a better solution for Citize ns National? If so, why? What factors suggest that the bank ended up with the right approach and the right plectron of product?In my perspective, QuickBase was the best alternative solution that meets the requirements of Citizens National Bank for a new IT system that is an easy to use, capable of doing some tracking activities, and store the interactions between relationship bankers and their customers and doesnt interfere with those interactions and diminish the relationship bankers rapport with customers.QuickBase was designed for organizing, tracking, and sharing information among team members in the workplace while encouraging progress by notifying workers via automated e-mails of updated files, new task assignments, and glide path deadlines. Because QuickBase was not programmed as a specific business application, businesses could modify its database structure to meet specific business functions.One reason some small and medium-size companies, as well as groups within larger ones, are adopting QuickBase is its flexibility. Intended not just for customer management, QuickBase-which is actually more of an easily modified database than a fledged business application-can be harnessed for other business tasks. For example, Procter Gamble uses the system to track technology projects. Because its easy to use, runs online via any browser and doesnt require an I.T. professional to set up, the hosted application is finding its way into all kinds of businesses. (Bartholomew, 2007)There are many factors suggest that the bank ended up with the right approach and the right choice of product, some of these factors areThe Citizens National staffs were able to make changes to QuickBase themselves, so the costs of ownership and maintenance fees were much lower.QuickBase offered Citizens National flexibility that it did not have previously. Because the system was Web-based, the relationship bankers were able to use it anywhere that they had access to a browser.Relations hip bankers and management received daily updated access to all interactions and transactions, enabling them to track business in a way that was never possible previously.For the first time, Citizens National was able to completely track sales opportunities and, as Singleton said, where we lost business, so we know where we need to make those extra 10 or 15 sales calls.Also central to the success of QuickBase at Citizens National was Furneys ability to integrate the system with the Kirchman core banking application. Furney configured QuickBase to upload new account information to the core system every night via an XML interface.For example, a banking representative can click on a commercial customers file and immediate see all the contacts that have been made with that customer by bank staff, any actions that were taken on the customers behalf, and the end result. Citizens National bank representatives use it to check on customers to see if there has been a follow-up call to a conta ct, whether a voice-mail message was left with the customer, who the salesperson was and the status of the contact. Its been an invaluable tool for us to keep track of our customers, Singleton adds. (Bartholomew, 2007)5. Based on this case study, what kind of organization do you think would benefit from using the Siebel CRM package? Give an example of such an organization and justify your choice. You may use the Web to research your answer, including Oracles Web site.6. Could Citizens National have made a better choice of software for its CRM system the first time around? Explain your answer.

Information Controls by Newspapers :: Papers

Information Controls by Newspapers All newspapers have different slipway of passing on the news to their readers. This often depends on the audience the newspaper is draw a bead oning. The four newspapers that I will be writing about all target various readers. I will be looking at which pieces of information newspapers would use when reporting about the invasion of the Central European state of Bernia by Cara. The Planet is a tabloid newspaper that backs the government. It is happy with the way things are and has a large circulation of readers, most of which are working-class people. The Reporter is also a tabloid newspaper, which supports the push back Party and also the trade union movement. This newspaper targets similar readers to that of The Planet but has a smaller circulation. The Enquirer is critical towards the two main parties and is known for its in-depth political and world-wide reporting. This newspaper is a broadsheet whose readers are mainly middle-class. The final newspaper, The Daily Recorder is a strongly patriotic pro-government broadsheet. It believes in family values and in a British Identity. As newspaper A, The Planet, supports the government it would be very careful about the information it dispensed. It would not want people to know that there had been 150 civilian deaths because they had been caused in retaliation against the arrival of British soldiers. The reason it would not want people to know this is The Planet backed the move by the government to send troops to Bernia. Printing this could stop other troops from wanting to go to Bernia. To help emphasis the fact that the troops were really needed they would talk about how Bernian refugees were fleeing to flight rumours of ethnic cleansing. The Planet would also avoid printing the fact that there were 150 UK casualties as this like the civilian deaths would lower the moral troops. This newspaper would probably stage the photograph of the man who had been killed in hand-to-hand fighting in Bernia just to show how out of control the civil war was becoming.